• Basal stem rot (Rhizoctonia): Brown canker at stem base, grayish discoloration, and wilting of foliage.
• Stem rot (Rhizopus sp.): Collapsed stem portions bearing sporulation typical of the Rhizopus fungus.
• Powdery mildew: Dark bronze patches on the foliage; the white mycelial growth that is typical of powdery mildew infections on other plants is generally less evident.